📖 Crypto Glossary — 58+ Terms Hindi Mein
Wallet address se lekar VDA tax terms tak — har important crypto/blockchain term ek jagah, simple Hindi mein explained.
2
2FA (Two-Factor Authentication)
Security ka ek extra layer jisme login/transaction ke liye password ke alawa ek doosra verification (jaise OTP, biometric) bhi chahiye hota hai.
A
Advance Tax
Agar crypto tax liability ₹10,000 se zyada ho, saal ke end tak wait karne ke bajaye quarterly installments (15 June, 15 Sept, 15 Dec, 15 March) mein pehle se pay kiya jaane wala tax.
Airdrop
Free tokens jo koi project directly aapke wallet mein bhej deta hai, generally promotion ya community-building ke liye. India mein receive hone ke waqt yeh income maana ja sakta hai.
AIS (Annual Information Statement)
Income Tax Department ka ek comprehensive statement jisme aapki saal bhar ki financial transactions (crypto included) ka record dikhta hai.
Altcoin
Koi bhi cryptocurrency jo Bitcoin na ho — jaise Ethereum, Solana, Chainlink, ya SUI.
Arbitrage
Ek hi asset ki price difference ka fayda uthana alag-alag exchanges/markets ke beech, ek jagah se sasta kharid kar doosri jagah mehenga bechna.
ASIC Miner
Ek specialized hardware device jo specifically Bitcoin jaisi cryptocurrencies mine karne ke liye design kiya gaya hai.
B
Belated Return
ITR jo original deadline (jaise 31 July) ke baad file ki jaati hai — late fee (Section 234F) ke saath, 31 March tak allowed.
Blockchain
Ek distributed, public ledger jisme transactions permanently, chronologically record hoti hain — kisi single central authority ke bina.
C
CARF (Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework)
OECD ka international framework jo crypto exchanges ko cross-border tax data automatically share karne ke liye mandate karta hai — India mein April 2027 se applicable.
CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency)
RBI-issued, government-backed digital currency — India mein isse 'Digital Rupee' ya 'e-Rupee' kaha jaata hai.
Cold Wallet
Ek crypto wallet jo internet se disconnected rehta hai (hardware device ya paper) — long-term, secure storage ke liye best.
Containment (RBI Context)
RBI ki proposed strategy jisme banks aur regulated financial entities ko crypto exposure se door rakha jaaye, bina individual trading ban kiye.
Crypto-to-Crypto Swap
Ek cryptocurrency ko doosri mein directly convert karna (jaise Bitcoin se Ethereum) — India mein yeh bhi ek taxable event maana jaata hai.
Custodial Wallet
Ek wallet jahan koi third-party (jaise exchange) aapki private keys manage karta hai — convenient, lekin aapka direct control kam hota hai.
D
DeFi (Decentralized Finance)
Blockchain-based financial services (lending, trading, yield) jo traditional banks/intermediaries ke bina operate karte hain.
DYOR (Do Your Own Research)
Crypto community mein ek common reminder — kisi bhi investment se pehle khud research karo, sirf social media hype par bharosa mat karo.
E
ECIR (Enforcement Case Information Report)
Enforcement Directorate ka formal case-registration document jab woh koi financial crime investigate karna shuru karta hai.
F
FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act)
India ka law jo cross-border currency/foreign exchange transactions ko regulate karta hai — crypto ke cross-border movement par bhi apply hota hai.
FIU-IND
Financial Intelligence Unit India — woh government body jiske saath crypto exchanges ko PMLA compliance ke liye register hona mandatory hai.
Fractional Ownership
Ek asset (jaise real estate) ki ownership ko multiple investors ke beech chhote hisso mein divide karna.
G
Gas Fee
Blockchain par ek transaction process karne ke liye network ko diya jaane wala fee — network congestion ke hisaab se vary karta hai.
H
Halving
Bitcoin mining reward ka har ~4 saal mein aadha ho jaana — supply growth ko dheere karne ke liye design kiya gaya mechanism.
HODL
Crypto community slang jiska matlab hai 'hold karo, becho mat' — chahe price girti ho, long-term hold karne ki strategy/mentality.
Hot Wallet
Ek internet-connected crypto wallet (app/exchange) — daily transactions ke liye convenient, lekin hot wallets cold wallets se zyada hacking-risk carry karte hain.
I
ITR (Income Tax Return)
Saal bhar ki income (crypto gains included) Income Tax Department ko report karne ka annual formal document/process.
K
KYC (Know Your Customer)
Identity verification process (PAN, Aadhaar, etc.) jo har regulated exchange par account banane se pehle mandatory hota hai.
L
Layer-1 Blockchain
Ek independent, standalone blockchain network (jaise Ethereum, Solana, SUI) — kisi doosre blockchain ke upar nahi banaya gaya.
Legal Tender
Currency jise law ke through officially payment ke liye accepted hona chahiye — cryptocurrency India mein legal tender nahi hai, sirf Rupee aur Digital Rupee hain.
Liquidity
Kitni easily ek asset ko bina price significantly move kiye buy/sell kiya ja sakta hai — high liquidity ka matlab hai easy, fast trades.
M
Market Maker
Ek entity jo bade volumes mein assets supply/demand karke market mein liquidity provide karta hai.
Mining
Woh process jisse naye transactions verify hote hain aur naye coins (jaise Bitcoin) network mein create hote hain, computational power use karke.
N
NFT (Non-Fungible Token)
Ek unique, blockchain-based digital asset jo kisi specific item (art, collectible) ki ownership represent karta hai — har NFT unique hota hai, cryptocurrency ki tarah interchangeable nahi.
O
Oracle Network
Ek system (jaise Chainlink) jo blockchain ko real-world data (prices, weather, etc.) se connect karta hai.
P
P2P (Peer-to-Peer) Trading
Direct crypto trading do individuals ke beech, bina ek centralized exchange ke intermediary role ke.
PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act)
India ka anti-money-laundering law jiske under crypto exchanges ko FIU-IND registration aur compliance follow karni hoti hai.
Ponzi Scheme
Ek fraud structure jahan purane investors ko naye investors ke invest kiye gaye paise se 'returns' diye jaate hain — koi real underlying business nahi hota.
Portfolio Diversification
Apna investment multiple different assets mein spread karna, taaki ek asset ke kharab perform karne ka overall impact kam ho.
Private Key
Ek secret cryptographic code jo aapke crypto assets ko access/control karta hai — kabhi kisi ke saath share nahi karna chahiye.
R
Reload Scam
Jab ek fail ho chuki investment scheme ke operators victims ko ek 'naye, behtar' platform par dobara invest karne ke liye convince karte hain.
RWA (Real-World Asset) Tokenization
Physical/traditional assets (real estate, gold, bonds) ki ownership ko blockchain-based digital tokens mein represent karna.
S
Schedule VDA
ITR ka woh dedicated section jahan Virtual Digital Asset (crypto) transactions specifically report karni hoti hain, normal capital gains schedule se alag.
Section 194S
Income Tax Act ka woh section jo crypto transactions par 1% TDS mandate karta hai.
Section 234F
Income Tax Act ka woh provision jo late ITR filing par penalty (up to ₹5,000) lagata hai.
Seed Phrase
12-24 words ka ek sequence jo aapki wallet ki private key ko human-readable format mein represent karta hai — isse securely, offline backup rakhna critical hai.
Sharding
Blockchain ko multiple parallel 'shards' (chains) mein divide karna, taaki zyada transactions simultaneously process ho sakein — scalability ke liye.
Shell Company
Ek company jo sirf kaagzon par exist karti hai, koi real business operations nahi — funds ko hide/launder karne ke liye use hoti hai scams mein.
Smart Contract
Blockchain par automated code jo predefined conditions poori hone par khud actions execute karta hai, bina manual intervention ke.
SM REIT (Small and Medium REIT)
SEBI-regulated structure jo chhote-scale real estate assets (₹50-500 crore range) mein fractional, regulated investment allow karta hai.
Stablecoin
Ek cryptocurrency jiski value kisi stable asset (jaise US Dollar) se peg hoti hai — jaise USDT, USDC — taaki typical crypto volatility avoid ho.
Staking
Apne crypto tokens ko network operations support karne ke liye 'lock' karna, jiske badle rewards milte hain — Proof-of-Stake blockchains mein common.
T
TDS (Tax Deducted at Source)
Crypto transactions par 1% tax jo exchange khud automatically deduct karke government ko deposit kar deta hai.
U
Utility Token
Ek token jiska specific, functional use case hai (jaise network fees pay karna) — sirf speculation ke liye nahi banaya gaya.
V
VDASP (Virtual Digital Asset Service Provider)
FIU-IND registered exchange/platform jo crypto trading services provide karta hai India mein.
VDA (Virtual Digital Asset)
Cryptocurrency aur NFTs ke liye India ka official legal/tax term, Income Tax Act mein defined.
Volatility
Kisi asset ki price kitni tezi se aur kitna upar-neeche move karti hai — crypto generally stocks/gold se zyada volatile hota hai.
W
Wallet Address
Aapka public 'account number' crypto receive karne ke liye — safely share kiya ja sakta hai, private key ke uljat, jo kabhi share nahi karni chahiye.